MALNUTRITION AND FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL INSECURITY IN CHILDHOOD: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
Child. Food insecurity. Malnutrition.Abstract
Food insecurity is one of the multiple and interrelated determinants of malnutrition. In Brazil, a significant portion of the population faces difficulties in accessing regular and permanent food, a factor primarily related to insufficient financial resources. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the impact of food insecurity on child malnutrition in Brazil. An integrative review was conducted using the PubMed, BVS, and Scielo databases, with the guiding question: "How does food and nutritional insecurity predispose Brazilian children to malnutrition?" Seven articles were selected. The results indicate that, in children with height deficit, 42% presented mild food insecurity. Families below the poverty line have a higher prevalence of childhood malnutrition and moderate/severe food insecurity (67%). Children in food insecurity are at greater risk of chronic malnutrition, which is reflected in short stature. Indigenous children have the highest malnutrition rate (31.45%), with even higher values in the North Region (38.66%). Among socially vulnerable children, 56.5% have small social networks, and 77.2% face food insecurity. Access to food is crucial for dietary patterns and nutritional effects. Malnutrition is more prevalent among Black children, beneficiaries of income transfer programs, and residents of impoverished areas. It is concluded that malnutrition results from the lack of access to adequate food, caused by food and nutritional insecurity.
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