IMPACTOS DA VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO COGNITIVO E EMOCIONAL INFANTIL: PERSPECTIVAS NEUROPSICOLÓGICAS
Keywords:
Vulnerabilidade Social; Desenvolvimento Infantil; Intervenção Precoce.Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the impacts of social vulnerability on children's neuropsychological development, with an emphasis on cognitive and emotional functions. Based on the analysis of 15 studies published between 2007 and 2024, consistent evidence was identified showing that children exposed to poverty, neglect, violence, and family instability present significant deficits in skills such as working memory, attention, language, inhibitory control, and emotional self-regulation. These impairments directly affect school performance, the formation of affective bonds, and mental health. On the other hand, the reviewed studies highlight the role of neuroplasticity and early interventions as protective factors. Multicomponent programs focused on cognitive stimulation and the strengthening of family and community ties proved effective in mitigating the adverse effects of vulnerability. In addition, the literature emphasizes the importance of intersectoral public policies that integrate health, education, and social assistance, contributing to children's comprehensive development. It is concluded that understanding the effects of social vulnerability and evidence-based intervention strategies is essential to promote equity in child development and support the formulation of more effective public policies.
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